Applicability and Appropriateness of Distributed Ledgers Consensus Protocols in Public and Private Sectors: A Systematic Review

Advancement of consensus protocols in recent years has enabled distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) to find its application and value in sectors beyond cryptocurrencies. Here we reviewed 66 known consensus protocols and classified them into philosophical and architectural categories, also providing a visual representation. As a case study, we focus on the public sector and highlighted potential protocols. We have also listed these protocols against basic features and sector preference in a tabular format to facilitate selection. We argue that no protocol is a silver bullet, therefore should be selected carefully, considering the sector requirements and environment

Wide-Bandwidth CFOA with High CMRR Performance

​In this paper the authors analyze the conventional current-feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) in terms of common-mode-rejection ratio (CMRR) performance, and having identified the mechanism primarily responsible for the CMRR, they propose two new architecture CFOAs. These new CFOAs are further developed, and modified to provide improved bandwidth, AC gain accuracy and high CMRR performance. The key features of the two proposed new CFOAs are the designs of the internal voltage followers which have two separate biasing currents with a similar dynamic architecture to that of the conventional CFOA. The magnitude of one bias current determines the value of the maximum CMRR, and the second can be used to maximize bandwidth

Analysis and design of a high precision- high output impedance tissue current driver for medical applications

This paper describes the design and operation of a high output impedance tissue current driver circuit, for use in medical electronics, such as Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). This novel architecture was designed for implementation in bipolar technology, to meet the specifications for EIT, namely operating frequency range 10 kHz–1 MHz with a target output resistance of 16 MW. Simulation results are presented, showing that the current source more than met the minimum specification for EIT